����� 2

���Ѿ��

-         additive (n.)                             =        a substance added to something to change it in some way  (��û�ا��)

-         bureau (n.)                              =        a government department of division of a department  (˹��§ҹ�Ѱ���)

-         compensate (v.)                       =        make payment for  (����)

-         compressor (n.)                        =        a machine that presses squeezes gases together  (����ͧ�Ѵ�ҡ��)     

-         crank (n.)                                =        an arm-like device used for turning things  (��������§�ͧ����ͧ�ѡ�)

-         crumble (v.)                            =        fall apart or break into pieces (�¡ ᵡ�繪����硪�鹹���)

-         deposit (n.)                    =        a natural accumulation, especially of a resource such as oil or gas  (�ѵ�ط�赡�С͹)

-         diminish (v.)                            =        reduce in size or effect  (�����Ŵ����ŧ)

-         duct (n.)                                 =        a tube-like passage for liquids, gases, etc.  (����觢ͧ���� �������)

-         horsepower                            =        a unit for measuring power  (���)

-         in search of (prep.)                   =        looking for    (�ͧ��)

-         intake (adj.)                             =        related to taking something in (����ǡѺ��ù���觵�ҧ� ������ �)

-         invert (v.)                               =        turn upside down (����)

-         in working order                      =        in good condition (�������Ҿ����)

-         make up for (v.)                       =        substitute for, compensate for, a mistake or offense (����)

-         mechanized (adj.)                     =        automated, done with or having machines (����Ǣ�ͧ�Ѻ����ͧ¹��)

-         mercury (n.)                            =        a silver-colored poisonous metal used in thermometers, batteries, etc.  (��ê�Դ˹�����������������, ẵ�����)

-         punish (v.)                              =        set as a penalty  (ŧ��)

-         rag (n.)                                   =        a worn cloth  (��Ң������)

-         reciprocate (v.)                        =        move back and forth or up and down alternately (����͹���˹��-��ѧ��� ���-ŧ ��Ѻ�ѹ)

-         residue (n.)                    =        that which remains or is left over, usually after some kinds of chemical or physical process (��觷������ͨҡ��ԡ����ҷҧ��� ���Ϳ��ԡ��)

-         seep (v.)                                 =        move or pass through slowly (����͹��� ���ͼ�ҹ����ҧ��� �)

-         simultaneous (adj.)          =        occurring at the same time (�Դ�����������ǡѹ)

-         spray (v.)                                =        discharged liquid in a mass of small drops  (�մ �� �繽��)

-         thereby (adv.)                          =        by that means  (�����˵ع��  �����Ըչ��)

-         underground (adv.)                   =        below ground  (��Թ)

-         upside down (exp.)                   =        in a position with the top turned to the bottom  (����)

-         valve (n.)                                =        a device used to control the flow of  liquids or gases (�����)

-         wax (v.)                                  =        polish  (�Ѵ�������)

 

Ẻ�֡�Ѵ��� 1: ���Ѻ����� A �Ѻ��������� B

Column A

Column B

���. 1. reciprocate (v.)

���. 2. thereby (adv.)

���. 3. seep (v.)

���. 4. residue (n.)

���. 5. rag (n.)

���. 6. simultaneous (adj.)

���. 7. crumble (v.)

���. 8. additive (n.)

���. 9. diminish (v.)

��� 10. crank (n.)

a. fall apart or break into pieces

b. reduce in size or effect

c. a worn cloth

d. move back and forth or up and down alternately

e. an arm-like device used for turning things

f. something left over after the physical or chemical process

g. by that means

h. a substance added to something to change it in some way

i. move or pass through slowly

j. occurring at the same time

 

���    1. d     2. g     3. i      4. f      5. c     6. j      7. a     8. h     9. b     10. e

 

���ҡó�

�������¹����¤�Ӷ����͹ (Embedded Question) 㹻���¤ Reported Speech ����� Infinitives

          ����¤ Reported Speech ��Сͺ���»���¤��ѡ ��л���¤����         ����¤��ѡ���仹��

I don�t know             I know             I wonder              Can you tell me             Do you know            How can I

 

���ҧ����˹�һ���¤ Embedded Question ���� when, where, how, who, whom, whose, what, which ���� whether ������� ¡������ҧ��

Main Clause (����¤��ѡ)

Embedded Question (Noun Clause)

Can you tell me

 

 

how I can contact to the new boss?

where I can find the nearest hospital?

what I can do for you?

I don�t know

how I can contact the new boss.

where I can find the nearest hospital.

what I can do for you.

 

�������ö����¹����¤ Embedded Question ����� infinitive ���� �Ѵ��иҹ ��С���Ҫ��·��������ѧ Question Word 㹻���¤ Embedded Question �͡  ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ò§ to ����ҧ˹�� �ӡ������㹻���¤���¹�� �� I want to know how I can play chess.  ��ҨеѴ��иҹ I ��������ҧ��ѧ how �͡ �Ѵ����� can �͡ �����ҧ to ����ҧ˹�Ҥӡ���� play ����¤���繴ѧ��� I want to know how to play chess.

 

Main Clause

Question-word + To-infinitive

Can you tell me

 

how to play the guitar?

where to find an Indian restaurant?

what to prepare for the camping?

I don�t know

how to play the guitar.

where to find an Indian restaurant.

what to prepare for the camping.

 

Ẻ�֡�Ѵ��� 2: ����¹����¤���仹�� �¡��᷹��� Embedded-Question Clause ���� Infinitive ���� Infinitive Phrase

¡������ҧ��  I don�t know what I can do to be successful.

                    I don�t know what to do to be successful.

1.       I don�t know where I should go after the class.

            ������������������������������.

2.       Can you tell me what I have to prepare for the next camping?

            ������������������������������.

3.       I don�t know how I can organize this exhibition.

            ������������������������������.

4.       Can you tell me who I can ask for assistance?

            ������������������� �����������.

5.       I don�t know when I should go to the doctor.

            .������������������������������.

���

1.       I don�t know where to go after the class.

2.       Can you tell me what to prepare for the next camping?

3.       I don�t know how to organize this exhibition.

4.       Can you tell me who to ask for assistance?

5.       I don�t know when to go to the doctor.

 

������� (Connectives ���� Conjunction )

          ������� �١���������������¤ �šɳТͧ�ç���ҧ��誹ҹ ��蹡��ͤӷ�������ҧ �����ѧ�������   ��ͧ�繤ӻ��������ǡѹ   �����������ҹ������ rather than, as well as, but not ���ա������ᵡ��ҧ�ѹ�ѧ���

Connectives

�����

������ҧ

rather than �ҡ����

�ʴ������ͺ ���͡�����͡(����¡Ѻ����� instead of)

Josh writes at the table rather than the desk.

as well as �����ǡѺ

�ʴ����������� (����¡Ѻ����� besides)

Rose is tired as well as hungry.

but not �����

�ʴ��֧�����Ѵ���

The lecture was informative but not clear enough.

 

Ẻ�֡�Ѵ��� 3: �����������¤���仹��  ����ӷ���˹����: rather than, as well as, but not

¡������ҧ��  Robert wants to make a lot of money and friends.      

                    He prefers to make money.

                    Robert wants to make a lot of money rather than friends.

1. Don loves both cats and dogs.  He prefers to raise cats.

    �������������������������������

2. My son is bright.  He is not diligent.

    ������������������������������

3. Liz likes playing golf.  She likes playing football better.

    �������������������������������

4.  William works very hard.  He works very well.

    ������������������������������

5. The course is challenging.  The course is informative.

    ������������������������������.

���

1. Don prefers to raise cats than dogs.

2. My son is bright but not diligent.

 3. Liz likes playing football rather than golf.

 4. William works very hard as well as very well.

  5. The course is challenging as well as informative.

 

Noun/Adjective Appositives

          Appositive ��ͤ����͡�����ӷ��͸Ժ�¤ӹ�� �¨��ҧ�Դ�ӹ����ǹ�� �·��������ö�ҧ Appositive ����ҧ˹�� �ç��ҧ ��з��»���¤  �������öŴ�ٻ Adjective ��� Adverb Clause ����� Appositive Phrase �¡�õѴ�Ӻҧ�� ���������ǹ����� Adjective �� Although he was diligent and devoted to his lesson, Robin still failed in English.  ����¤������͡�� 2 ��ǹ ��� ����¤���¤�� Although he was diligent and devoted to his lesson ��л���¤��ѡ��� Robin still failed in English. 㹡óշ���иҹ�ͧ����¤��ѡ��л���¤�����繵�����ǡѹ ����ö�Ѵ������� ��иҹ ��� �ӡ����㹻���¤���� Diligent and devoted to his lesson, Robin still failed in English.

 

Ẻ�֡�Ѵ��� 4: ������¹ Adjective ��� Adverb Clause ���仹�� ����� Appositive Phrases

¡������ҧ�� Even though they are rich, they are unhappy   Rich, they are unhappy.

1.  Although I was sick, I decided to fly to my hometown.

     ������������������������������

2.  After Nick was late at work, he directly headed to his boss�s room.

    ������������������������������.

3.  When  Marisa gets retired, she will move to her new apartment.

     ������������������������������..

4. He finally finished his homework even though he was so tired.

     ������������������������������..

5. Her children who are very lively are in a day care.

     ������������������������������..

���

1.  Very sick, I decided to fly to my hometown.        

2.  Late at work, Nick directly headed to his boss�s office.

3.  Retired, Marisa will move to her new apartment.

4.  So tired, he finally finished his homework.

5.  Very lively, her children are in a day care.

 

Troublesome English

Still/Anymore

Still = �ѧ��  �ʴ���á�зӷ�������ͧ仨��֧���ҷ�����ʴ������� �¨������ҧ����¤�Ӷ�� ����¤�͡���� ��л���¤����ʸ ��  Bill is still working hard although he doesn�t get the promotion. (����ѧ���ӧҹ˹ѡ �������Ҩ�������Ѻ�������͹���˹觡���)

Anymore = ����ա��������  �ʴ��֧��á�зӷ���Դ����ʹյ ���������ա�������� ���ҧ������»���¤�Ӷ�� ��л���ʸ ��  Bill used to love his girlfriend so much but he doesn�t love her anymore now.

(������ѡ���͹˭ԧ�ͧ���ҡ ��͹�����������ѡ���ա��������)

 

Idioms or Expressions

Make Waves/Don�t Make Waves 

Make waves ���¶֧ �����˵ط�����������ҡ  ������������ͧ�����������ҧ�ѭ�����ͤ�������ҡ���  ��Ҩоٴ��� Don�t make waves  ��  You shouldn�t make friend with him as he�s making waves.  (�س����è�������͹�Ѻ�� �������繾ǡ�ͺ���ҧ�ѭ��)